Level



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Sl. J. TCWNSEND.

LEVEL. No. 446,038. Patented Peb. 1o, lsgl..

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Uivirnn STATES- Parnnrr @trice STEPHEN J. TOVNSECD, OF SUMTERVILLE,FLORIDA..

LEVEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 446,038, dated FebruarylO, 1891.

Application iiled May 2l, 1890. Serial Ne. 352,658. (No model.)

To @ZZ wiz/0111, t may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN J/FOWNSEND,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Sumterville, in the countyof Sumter and State of Florida, have invented a new and useful Level, ofwhich the following is a specific-ation.

This invention has relation to levels for use of mechanics or surveyors,and by the 'first-named for the purpose of leveling up sills, Walls,ttc., and by the latter for ascertaining the rise or fall of ground.

rFhe objects of the invention are to provide a device tobe used as asubstitute for the ordinary level of the mechanic and the level of thesurveyor, which device shall be extremely simple, cheap, and perfectlyaccurate.

lVith the above objects in view the invention consists in certainfeatures of construction hereinafter specified, and particularly pointedout in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a general viewillustrating themanner of using the aforesaid level. Fig.2 is an enlarged detailperspective of the level. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section of thesame. Fig. 4

is a detail in perspective of the target-stand.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the iigures of thedrawings.

l designates a base of a suitable length and planed perfectly true, andin the center of the saine is formed a socket 2, around which is fitteda metallic plate or casting 3. Fitted into the socket and rising fromthe base is a plumbstandard et, which is at an exact right angle to thebase and provided upon one of its faces with a curved scale of inches 5.Near the upper end of the standard, upon a stud 6, is fastened the upperend of a cord 7, which depends at the side of the standard andterminates in a plumb-bob 8, adapt-ed to move over the scale 5 andindicate upon the same the number of inches or degrees the standard isout of a true vertical line,or if in a true vertical line.

As thus far constructed the device is capable of use and extremely handyto the ordinary mechanic in leveling up sills, foundations, walls, dvc.

The upper end of the standard is reduced and embraced by flanges 9, towhich is secured a disk orplato 10, provided with a 'vertical pint-lell. Mounted to revolve loosely upon the pintle and maintained in perfectparallelism with the base by means of the plate is a sight-bar l2, theupper edge of which is provided throughout its longitudinal length witha sight-groove 13 or other form of sight.

14: represents the target-stand, similar to those usually employed bysurveyors, and the same is divided off into feet and fractions thereofand provided with a sliding target l5. This standard may be formed ofjointed sections and adapted to fold for convenience in carrying, ifdesired.

To illustrate the utility and operativeness of my invention, we will saythat, for instance, it is desired to ascertain the fall or declinationof a piece of ground.` The levelis place'd at the upper end of theincline and an assistant goes to the lower end and plants thetarget-stand. The target is adj usted upon the stand so as to beparallel or'opposite the level, which may be accomplished andascertained by sighting through the groove 13 and giving the propersignals to the assistant 0perating the target. After this has been donethe difference in feet or inches between the height of the standard a ofthe level and the number of feet or inchesindicated upon thetarget-stand by the target will accurately indicate the number of feetor inches the ground falls or declines between the stand and the level,which may be readily computed to indicate the number of inches there areof fall to the foot. In this manner ditches, roads, water-ways, tbc.,may be accurately determined and depth of cut necessary to give theproper fall secured.

Having .th us described my invention, what l cla-i 1n isl. Theherein-described level, consisting of a base, a standard projectingupwardly from the base at an exact right angle thereto and provided witha curved scale upon one of its faces, a sight-bar mounted upon the upperend of the standard, and a cord suspended from the standard above thecenter of the scale and provided with a plumb-bob moving over the scale,substantially as specified.

2. The herein-d escribed level, consisting of a base, a standard risingvertically from and at an exactright angle to the base, and a horizontalsight-bar pivotally mounted upon IOO the upper end of the standard,Substantially as specified.

2)'. The herein-described level, the same consisting of a base having asocket, a standard rising from the same and having' a curved scale, acord suspended above the scale and provided with a plumb-bob, and agrooved sight-bar mounted Afor pivotal movement upon the upper end ofthe standard, Substantially as specified.

4. The herein-describedlevel, the Same consisting` of a hase-board, astandard niortised inthe same, and a metallic socket-plate encirclingthe standard and secu red to the same and the base, said standard being`provided wit-ha curved scale, a cord suspended above the center of thescale from the upper end of the standard and provided with a plumb-bobadapted to move over the Scale, a cap fitted on the upper end of thestandard', a circular plate surmounting the cap and provided with apintle7 and a Sight-bar mounted for horizontal rotation on the pintle,substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in presence of two Witnesses.

STEPHEN J'. TOWNSEND.

\Vitnesses:

W. B. HABE, D. C. HULL.

